Research and Professional Experience
| 1986- Present | Professor, Ain Shams University, Arid Land Agricultural Graduate Studies and Research Institute (ALARI), Egypt. |
| 2003- Present | Chairman of the International Drylands Development Commission (IDDC). |
| 2009- Present | Chair of Food and Agriculture Council, Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. |
| 2014-
2018 | Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS). |
| 2011-
2015 | President of the Governing Board of the International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM). |
| 2009- 2013 | Board Member of the Council of the World Academy of Sciences for the Advancment of science in Developing Countries (TWAS). |
| 2007- 2011 | Chair of the Agricultural Research and Development Council (ARDC), Egypt. |
| 2008- 2011 | Chair of Agricultural Research and Development Fund (ARDF), Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 2007- 2010 | Board Member and Vice Chair of the Global Crop Diversity Trust. |
| 2006- 2010 | Chair of the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR). |
| 1995 - 2006 | Director General of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). |
| 2002- 2006 | Chair of the Global Consortium to Re-Build Agriculture in Afghanistan. |
| 2003 - 2005 | Chair
of the Center Directors Committee (CDC) Integrated Natural Resource |
| 1999 - 2006 | Chair,
CDC Task-Force for Central Asia and the Caucasus of Central and West |
| 1993 - 1995 | Board Chairman, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 1991 - 1993 | Director, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 1991 - 1995 | General Supervisor of the Desert Research Center. |
| 1990 - 1995 | Director of the National Agriculture Research Project (NARP), Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 1987 - 1994 | Chair of National Committee for Protected Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 1988 - 1990 | First Under Secretary of State for Land Reclamation, Minister's Office & Supervisor of Foreign Agricultural Relations, Egyptian International Center for Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 1987 - 1988 | Under Secretary of State for Land Reclamation, Minister's Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. |
| 1985 - 1986 | Visiting Professor, Biology Department College of Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA. |
| 1976 - 1986 | Lecturer, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Horticulture, Arid Land Agriculture (Lab.), Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. |
| 1974 – 1976 | Research Associate, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom. |
| 1965 – 1976 | Demonstrator, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Horticulture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. |